centos7设置python3环境

配置yum源-使用阿里云的镜像

sudo  wget http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-7.repo
sudo  wget http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/epel-7.repo
yum clean  all

安装依赖工具包

sudo  yum -y install zlib-devel bzip2-devel openssl-devel openssl-static ncurses-devel sqlite-devel readline-devel tk-devel gdbm-devel db4-devel libpcap-devel xz-devel libffi-devel lzma gcc

下载python3.7安装包

cd /opt/
sudo   wget https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.7.0/Python-3.7.0.tar.xz

解压–>配置–>编译–>安装

sudo tar xf  Python-3.7.0.tar.xz    -C /usr/local/
cd  /usr/local/Python-3.7.0/
sudo  ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/sbin/python-3.7
sudo   make && sudo  make install

安装成功会打印

Collecting setuptools
Collecting pip
Installing collected packages: setuptools, pip
Successfully installed pip-10.0.1 setuptools-39.0.1

测试

[sgsm@bogon Python-3.7.0]$ /usr/local/sbin/python-3.7/bin/python3
Python 3.7.0 (default, Jun  3 2020, 23:49:44) 
[GCC 4.8.5 20150623 (Red Hat 4.8.5-39)] on linux
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>> exit()

创建软连接

查看目前的链接文件

[sgsm@bogon Python-3.7.0]$ ll /usr/bin/ |grep python
lrwxrwxrwx.   1 root root           7 4月  13 2017 python -> python2
lrwxrwxrwx.   1 root root           9 4月  13 2017 python2 -> python2.7
-rwxr-xr-x.   1 root root        7136 11月  6 2016 python2.7
-rwxr-xr-x.   1 root root        1835 11月  6 2016 python2.7-config
lrwxrwxrwx.   1 root root          16 4月  13 2017 python2-config -> python2.7-config
lrwxrwxrwx.   1 root root          14 4月  13 2017 python-config -> python2-config

删除原来的连接文件

sudo rm -rf /usr/bin/python

创建新的连接文件

sudo  ln -s /usr/local/sbin/python-3.7/bin/python3   /usr/bin/python

查看现在的版本

[sgsm@bogon Python-3.7.0]$ python -V
Python 3.7.0

报错

修改完python默认版本之后，会存不能执行yum命令，需要做一些修改，如下

 将/usr/bin/yum的顶部的：

!/usr/bin/python  改成  !/usr/bin/python2.7 

将/usr/libexec/urlgrabber-ext-down的顶部的：

/usr/bin/python  改为   /usr/bin/python2.7

将/usr/bin/yum-config-manager的顶部的

#!/usr/bin/python 改为 #!/usr/bin/python2.7 

# 替换
sed   -i  s/python/python2.7/      /usr/bin/yum
sed   -i  s/python/python2.7/   /usr/libexec/urlgrabber-ext-down

最后将pip指向到python3.7

[sgsm@bogon Python-3.7.0]$ sudo ln -s /usr/local/sbin/python-3.7/bin/pip3 /usr/bin/pip 
[sgsm@bogon Python-3.7.0]$ 
[sgsm@bogon Python-3.7.0]$ pip -v
pip 10.0.1 from /usr/local/sbin/python-3.7/lib/python3.7/site-packages/pip (python 3.7)